Omics-Data has brought into light the fact that nothing is unique in living systems (1). Whatever the scales, the building blocks of life are based on diversity and whatever collective acts they orchestrate, they use many alternative approaches (2).
The diversity lies at the level of individual elements and at the level of their connectivity:
• Chemical information: gene sequences, protein sequences (sequence variants) (3)
• Shape information: cellular morphologies, protein structures, RNAs, DNAs (4)
• Functional dynamics: Molecular dynamics, interactions and thermodynamics
• Collective acts: signaling pathways, metabolisms, protein folding, allostery

Diversity underpins natural system performances bearing robustness and adaptability to perturbations, and supporting rescue and compensatory mechanisms (5). The diversity encompasses notions like combinatorial solutions, alternative solutions and backups and embeds spatial optimization, non-linearity and dynamics. Natural systems also fail and pathologies result from chemical errors (e.g. sequence variants, environmental changes), structural errors, and impaired functions. Thus, just as robustness and adaptability, system failure is born out of diversity and collective responses whose output is negative, at least at some level.

Our challenge is to separate the wheat from the chaff to understand how nature corrects mistakes at the scale of molecular systems, organisms and species. This is the key to natural system resiliency and the rules needed to both design systems inspired by nature and decipher the impact of genetic background on individual disease development and drug responses (6–9).
Essentially the problem is based on individual elements and the layout of their connectivity, which makes network-based models well suited to investigate properties of natural systems (3,10).

Extended deadline for abstract submission for poster presentation and conference registration: April 1st, 2019. A few abstracts will be selected for oral presentations.