Active matter has emerged as a central framework for understanding systems composed of self-driven units across scales, ranging from molecular motors and cytoskeletal filaments to animal groups and robotic swarms. Initially, many foundational models focused on macroscopic agents – such as flocks, swarms, and driven granular particles – where simple interaction rules give rise to rich collective phenomena. However, over the past two decades, much of the focus has shifted toward microscopic and mesoscopic active systems, especially in soft and biological matter, supported by the technological development of high-resolution imaging, force measurement, and microfabrication. These advances have driven a more refined theoretical understanding, connecting microscopic dynamics with hydrodynamic and continuum-scale descriptions, and have found applications in biophysics, material science, and cellular biology. 

In parallel, yet often semi-independently, active matter concepts have flourished in ecological and robotic systems. In these domains, the agents – be they insects, birds, autonomous vehicles, or soft robots – not only self-propel and interact, but also sense their environments, make decisions, and adapt their behavior. These systems extend the classical framework of active matter by incorporating elements of intelligence, information processing, and environmental feedback. Notably, such systems can operate far from equilibrium and exhibit coordinated behavior that seems tuned for functional outcomes – navigation, foraging, or collective decision-making.

These trends point toward a convergence: macroscopic active matter systems capable of intelligent, adaptive, or programmable behavior. This includes both natural systems (e.g., flocking insects, social insects, animal herds) and artificial systems (e.g., modular robots, programmable matter, active granular agents). The interplay of self-propulsion, interaction rules, information exchange, learning or memory, and system-level feedback opens exciting new directions for both fundamental science and applications. Recent efforts in this space combine techniques from statistical physics, nonlinear dynamics, robotics, and machine learning.

However, the communities working on these different aspects of active matter – soft matter physicists, ecologists, roboticists, and complexity scientists – remain fragmented, with limited opportunity for sustained dialogue. Bridging these communities is essential to develop a shared language, identify unifying principles, and guide the development of new experimental platforms and theoretical frameworks.